成人高考專升本英文時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：定語從句
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I. 定義：定語是修飾名詞或代詞的成分,定語可由單詞、短語來充當(dāng)。當(dāng)用一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)名詞或代詞的修飾語時(shí)，這種起定語作用的句子就被稱為定語從句。
They have a clever son.
Do you know the man over there?
I know the man who wrote the book.
II. 要點(diǎn)：
1. 定語從句的前面都有先行詞(被修飾語)
This is the boy whom we are looking for
2. 定語從句應(yīng)緊跟在先行詞之后
3. 先行詞與定語從句之間要有關(guān)系詞(有時(shí)可省略)
4. 關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)某一成分
The girl who is standing under the tree is my sister.
The man whom you want to see has come.
III. 關(guān)系詞基本用法
|
|
主格 |
賓格 |
所有格 |
|
人 |
who |
whom |
whose |
|
物 |
which |
which |
of which |
但that 一般可用來代替who, whom, which,作賓格時(shí)可省略
Do you remember the teacher that/who taught us English?
A bookstore is a store that/which sells books.
The man (that/whom/who) you know is a famous professor.
A) that 不能用來替代who, whom, which的兩種情況
1)“介詞+whom/which”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，不能用that
She is a good student from whom we should learn.
2) 在非限制性定語從句中，逗號(hào)后面不能用that
She sang a new song, which we like very much.
注意：非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞不能省略
B) 用that不用which的一些特殊情況
1) 先行詞為all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing等
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
2) 先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾
This is the most exciting report that I have ever read.
3) 先行詞前有first, last, next, only, very, all, any等詞修飾
The first step (that) we are to take is very difficult.
4) 先行詞同時(shí)含有“人”和“非人”時(shí)，用that 不用which，也不用who/whom
He talked about the people and the books that interested him.
C) 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why
用關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)，它的先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞，用where時(shí)先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，而用why時(shí)它的先行詞只可能是reason，使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1) 關(guān)系代詞的選擇主要是看先行詞在從句中所作的成分
This is the city where I was born.
This is the city (which/that) he has visited
I don’t know the reason why she is late.
That is the reason (which/that) everybody knows
Do you still remember the day when he arrived?
Do you still remember the day (that/which) we spent together?
2) 關(guān)系副詞when,where, why可由“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)來替代
Is this the reason for which they came?
He left the day on which I came.
注意：how 不能用來引導(dǎo)定語從句
This is the way how he did it.
D) As 作關(guān)系代詞的用法
與the same, such連用
This is the same book as I read last week.
Such books as I have read are classical works.
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